T1573.001: T1573.001

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216.73.217.176

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View on MITRE ATT&CK The MITRE Corporation · Published 16/03/2020 16:45 · Modified 27/03/2026 01:08

Essential information

MITRE technique ID: T1573.001
Confidence: 100/100
Revoked: No
Published: 16/03/2020 16:45
Modified: 27/03/2026 01:08
Author / Source: The MITRE Corporation

Aliases

Symmetric Cryptography

Platforms

windows macos linux Network Devices ESXi

Description

Adversaries may employ a known symmetric encryption algorithm to conceal command and control traffic rather than relying on any inherent protections provided by a communication protocol. Symmetric encryption algorithms use the same key for plaintext encryption and ciphertext decryption. Common symmetric encryption algorithms include AES, DES, 3DES, Blowfish, and RC4.

Kill chain phases

Kill chain	Phase
mitre-attack	command-and-control

Marking (TLP)

External references

mitre-attack (T1573.001)
University of Birmingham C2

Related entities

Intrusion sets, malware, reports, vulnerabilities, indicators and other entities linked to this technique.

Intrusion sets (APT) (57)

Amatera Stealer related

AlienVault Confidence 100

First seen 01/01/1970 · Last seen 16/11/5138 ·
Astaroth related

AlienVault Confidence 100

First seen 01/01/1970 · Last seen 16/11/5138 ·
BERT Ransomware related

AlienVault Confidence 100

First seen 01/01/1970 · Last seen 16/11/5138 ·
BRONZE BUTLER related REDBALDKNIGHTTick

The MITRE Corporation Confidence 100

[BRONZE BUTLER](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0060) is a cyber espionage group with likely Chinese origins that has been active since at least 2008. The group primarily targets Japanese organizations, particularly those in…

First seen 01/01/1970 · Last seen 16/11/5138 ·
BladedFeline related

AlienVault Confidence 100

First seen 01/01/1970 · Last seen 16/11/5138 ·
Boggy Serpens related

AlienVault Confidence 100

First seen 01/01/1970 · Last seen 16/11/5138 ·
CL-STA-1062 related

AlienVault Confidence 100

First seen 01/01/1970 · Last seen 16/11/5138 ·
Cavern Manticore related

AlienVault Confidence 100

First seen 01/01/1970 · Last seen 16/11/5138 ·
CharmingCypress related

AlienVault Confidence 100

First seen 01/01/1970 · Last seen 16/11/5138 ·
Chinese APT (possibly APT41 subgroup) related

AlienVault Confidence 100

First seen 01/01/1970 · Last seen 16/11/5138 ·
ClickFix related

AlienVault Confidence 100

First seen 01/01/1970 · Last seen 16/11/5138 ·
Contagious Interview related Gwisin GangTAG-121

The MITRE Corporation Confidence 100

[Contagious Interview](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G1052) is a North Korea–aligned threat group active since 2023. The group conducts both cyberespionage and financially motivated operations, including the theft of cryptocurrency and user credentials.…

First seen 01/01/1970 · Last seen 16/11/5138 ·

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25–36 of 57

GlassWorm uses

AlienVault Confidence 100

[GlassWorm](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S9010) is a worm that propagated through supply chain attacks by compromising repository credentials from victim environments and having malicious payloads added to those compromised accounts for distribution…

First seen 01/01/1970 · Last seen 16/11/5138 ·
Casbaneiro uses

The MITRE Corporation Confidence 100

[Metamorfo](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0455) is a Latin-American banking trojan operated by a Brazilian cybercrime group that has been active since at least April 2018. The group focuses on targeting banks and…

First seen 01/01/1970 · Last seen 16/11/5138 ·
UPPERCUT uses

Family The MITRE Corporation Confidence 100

[UPPERCUT](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0275) is a backdoor that has been used by [menuPass](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0045). (Citation: FireEye APT10 Sept 2018)

First seen 01/01/1970 · Last seen 16/11/5138 ·
FormBook uses

The MITRE Corporation Confidence 100

[XLoader](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S1207) is an infostealer malware in use since at least 2016. Previously known and sometimes still referred to as Formbook, [XLoader](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S1207) is a Malware as a Service (MaaS)…

First seen 01/01/1970 · Last seen 16/11/5138 ·
Mirai uses

AlienVault Confidence 100

First seen 01/01/1970 · Last seen 16/11/5138 ·
Sakula uses

Family The MITRE Corporation Confidence 100

[Sakula](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0074) is a remote access tool (RAT) that first surfaced in 2012 and was used in intrusions throughout 2015. (Citation: Dell Sakula)

First seen 01/01/1970 · Last seen 16/11/5138 ·
ScrambleCross uses

AlienVault Confidence 100

First seen 01/01/1970 · Last seen 16/11/5138 ·
SolarMarker uses

AlienVault Confidence 100

First seen 01/01/1970 · Last seen 16/11/5138 ·
Agent Tesla - S0331 uses

AlienVault Confidence 100

First seen 01/01/1970 · Last seen 16/11/5138 ·
LampoRAT uses

AlienVault Confidence 100

First seen 01/01/1970 · Last seen 16/11/5138 ·
ScoringMathTea uses

AlienVault Confidence 100

First seen 01/01/1970 · Last seen 16/11/5138 ·
HappyDoor uses

AlienVault Confidence 100

First seen 01/01/1970 · Last seen 16/11/5138 ·

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25–36 of 79

Cavern Manticore: Exposing Iran-Linked Modular C2 Framework related

AlienVault Confidence 100 23 MITREs 21 IOCs 7 Observables 1 APT
Analysis of Ongoing Ousaban Attacks Targeting the Iberian … related

AlienVault Confidence 100 20 MITREs 3 Malwares 28 IOCs 8 Observables
RAT Abuses TON Blockchain to Target Japan's Hotel … related

AlienVault Confidence 100 1 CVE 18 MITREs 1 Malware 140 IOCs 127 Observables
CL-STA-1062 Targets Southeast Asian Governments and Critical Infrastructure related

AlienVault Confidence 100 19 MITREs 3 Malwares 6 IOCs 1 APT
KimJongRAT Continues to Evolve by Leveraging LOTS related

AlienVault Confidence 100 20 MITREs 2 Malwares 11 IOCs 7 Observables 1 APT
StealC and Amadey: Breaking down infostealers and the … related

AlienVault Confidence 100 25 MITREs 6 Malwares 39 IOCs 24 Observables
StrikeShark: a new campaign involving a custom SharkLoader … related

AlienVault Confidence 100 13 CVEs 22 MITREs 6 Malwares 5 IOCs 4 Observables
Ukraine's UAV Supply Chain Targeted With Besomar-Themed Malware … related

AlienVault Confidence 100 20 MITREs 1 Malware 3 IOCs 1 APT
macOS.Gaslight | Rust Backdoor Turns Prompt Injection on … related

AlienVault Confidence 100 19 MITREs 3 Malwares 4 IOCs 1 APT
From PostCSS Masquerading to Windows RAT related

AlienVault Confidence 100 20 MITREs 9 IOCs 3 Observables
Popa: From Sourcing to Distribution related

AlienVault Confidence 100 8 MITREs 5 Malwares 200 IOCs 200 Observables
WebAssembly Malware Found in Trojanized Open VSX Extensions related

AlienVault Confidence 100 17 MITREs 1 Malware 12 IOCs 12 Observables 1 APT

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1–12 of 50

Vulnerabilities (CVE) (52)

CVE-2026-1731 KEV targets

9.9 Critical

BeyondTrust Remote Support (RS) and Privileged Remote Access (PRA)contain an OS command injection vulnerability. Successful exploitation could allow an unauthenticated remote attacker …

Attack vector: Network
Published: 13/02/2026
Modified: 20/02/2026

Received

CVE-2021-26855 KEV targets

Microsoft Exchange Server contains an unspecified vulnerability that allows for remote code execution. This vulnerability is part of the ProxyLogon exploit chain.

Published: 03/11/2021
Modified: 20/12/2025

CVE-2022-0073 targets

8.8 High

Improper Input Validation vulnerability in LiteSpeed Technologies OpenLiteSpeed Web Server and LiteSpeed Web Server dashboards allows Command Injection. This affects 1.7.0 versions …

Attack vector: NETWORK
Published: 27/10/2022
Modified: 21/12/2025

CVE-2025-3935 KEV targets

8.1 High

ScreenConnect versions 25.2.3 and earlier versions may be susceptible to a ViewState code injection attack. ASP.NET Web Forms use ViewState to preserve …

Attack vector: Network
Published: 02/06/2025
Modified: 21/12/2025

Received

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49–52 of 52

T1573 subtechnique-of

Encrypted Channel MITRE

Tool (2)

QuasarRAT uses

The MITRE Corporation Confidence 100

[QuasarRAT](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0262) is an open-source, remote access tool that has been publicly available on GitHub since at least 2014. [QuasarRAT](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0262) is developed in the C# language.(Citation: GitHub QuasarRAT)(Citation: Volexity…
Sliver uses

The MITRE Corporation Confidence 100

[Sliver](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0633) is an open source, cross-platform, red team command and control (C2) framework written in Golang. [Sliver](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0633) includes its own package manager, "armory," for staging and downloading additional…

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