T1573.001: T1573.001

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216.73.216.86

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View on MITRE ATT&CK The MITRE Corporation · Published 16/03/2020 16:45 · Modified 27/03/2026 01:08

Essential information

MITRE technique ID: T1573.001
Confidence: 100/100
Revoked: No
Published: 16/03/2020 16:45
Modified: 27/03/2026 01:08
Author / Source: The MITRE Corporation

Aliases

Symmetric Cryptography

Platforms

windows macos linux Network Devices ESXi

Description

Adversaries may employ a known symmetric encryption algorithm to conceal command and control traffic rather than relying on any inherent protections provided by a communication protocol. Symmetric encryption algorithms use the same key for plaintext encryption and ciphertext decryption. Common symmetric encryption algorithms include AES, DES, 3DES, Blowfish, and RC4.

Kill chain phases

Kill chain	Phase
mitre-attack	command-and-control

Marking (TLP)

External references

mitre-attack (T1573.001)
University of Birmingham C2

Related entities

Intrusion sets, malware, reports, vulnerabilities, indicators and other entities linked to this technique.

Intrusion sets (APT) (57)

Amatera Stealer related

AlienVault Confidence 100

First seen 01/01/1970 · Last seen 16/11/5138 ·
Astaroth related

AlienVault Confidence 100

First seen 01/01/1970 · Last seen 16/11/5138 ·
BERT Ransomware related

AlienVault Confidence 100

First seen 01/01/1970 · Last seen 16/11/5138 ·
BRONZE BUTLER related REDBALDKNIGHTTick

The MITRE Corporation Confidence 100

[BRONZE BUTLER](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0060) is a cyber espionage group with likely Chinese origins that has been active since at least 2008. The group primarily targets Japanese organizations, particularly those in…

First seen 01/01/1970 · Last seen 16/11/5138 ·
BladedFeline related

AlienVault Confidence 100

First seen 01/01/1970 · Last seen 16/11/5138 ·
Boggy Serpens related

AlienVault Confidence 100

First seen 01/01/1970 · Last seen 16/11/5138 ·
CL-STA-1062 related

AlienVault Confidence 100

First seen 01/01/1970 · Last seen 16/11/5138 ·
Cavern Manticore related

AlienVault Confidence 100

First seen 01/01/1970 · Last seen 16/11/5138 ·
CharmingCypress related

AlienVault Confidence 100

First seen 01/01/1970 · Last seen 16/11/5138 ·
Chinese APT (possibly APT41 subgroup) related

AlienVault Confidence 100

First seen 01/01/1970 · Last seen 16/11/5138 ·
ClickFix related

AlienVault Confidence 100

First seen 01/01/1970 · Last seen 16/11/5138 ·
Contagious Interview related Gwisin GangTAG-121

The MITRE Corporation Confidence 100

[Contagious Interview](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G1052) is a North Korea–aligned threat group active since 2023. The group conducts both cyberespionage and financially motivated operations, including the theft of cryptocurrency and user credentials.…

First seen 01/01/1970 · Last seen 16/11/5138 ·

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25–36 of 57

Kaiji uses

AlienVault Confidence 100

First seen 01/01/1970 · Last seen 16/11/5138 ·
GhostKit uses

AlienVault Confidence 100

First seen 01/01/1970 · Last seen 16/11/5138 ·
SolarPhantom uses

AlienVault Confidence 100

First seen 01/01/1970 · Last seen 16/11/5138 ·
RainyDay uses

Family The MITRE Corporation Confidence 100

[RainyDay](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0629) is a backdoor tool that has been used by [Naikon](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0019) since at least 2020.(Citation: Bitdefender Naikon April 2021)

First seen 01/01/1970 · Last seen 16/11/5138 ·
AdaptixC2 uses

AlienVault Confidence 100

First seen 01/01/1970 · Last seen 16/11/5138 ·
StrifeWater uses

Family The MITRE Corporation Confidence 100

[StrifeWater](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S1034) is a remote-access tool that has been used by [Moses Staff](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G1009) in the initial stages of their attacks since at least November 2021.(Citation: Cybereason StrifeWater Feb 2022)

First seen 01/01/1970 · Last seen 16/11/5138 ·
KONNI uses

Family The MITRE Corporation Confidence 100

[KONNI](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0356) is a remote access tool that security researchers assess has been used by North Korean cyber actors since at least 2014. [KONNI](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0356) has significant code overlap with…

First seen 01/01/1970 · Last seen 16/11/5138 ·
Arkanix Stealer uses

AlienVault Confidence 100

First seen 01/01/1970 · Last seen 16/11/5138 ·
VIRTUALPIE uses

Family The MITRE Corporation Confidence 100

[VIRTUALPIE](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S1218) is a lightweight backdoor written in Python that spawns an IPv6 listener on a VMware ESXi server and features command line execution, file transfer, and reverse shell…

First seen 01/01/1970 · Last seen 16/11/5138 ·
PylangGhost uses

AlienVault Confidence 100

First seen 01/01/1970 · Last seen 16/11/5138 ·
LookBack uses

Family The MITRE Corporation Confidence 100

[LookBack](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0582) is a remote access trojan written in C++ that was used against at least three US utility companies in July 2019. The TALONITE activity group has been…

First seen 01/01/1970 · Last seen 16/11/5138 ·
RIFLESPINE uses

Family The MITRE Corporation Confidence 100

[RIFLESPINE](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S1222) is a cross-platform backdoor that leverages Google Drive for file transfer and command execution.(Citation: Google Cloud Mandiant UNC3886 2024)

First seen 01/01/1970 · Last seen 16/11/5138 ·

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61–72 of 79

Miasma Worm Returns to npm related

AlienVault Confidence 100 18 MITREs 1 Malware 5 IOCs 5 Observables
Supply Chain Compromise via GitHub Actions related

AlienVault Confidence 100 21 MITREs 2 Malwares
ModHeader Malware: Inside the Chrome Spyware Google Removed related

AlienVault Confidence 100 16 MITREs 1 Malware 2 IOCs 2 Observables
Cavern Manticore: Exposing Iran-Linked Modular C2 Framework related

AlienVault Confidence 100 23 MITREs 21 IOCs 7 Observables 1 APT
Analysis of Ongoing Ousaban Attacks Targeting the Iberian … related

AlienVault Confidence 100 20 MITREs 3 Malwares 28 IOCs 8 Observables
RAT Abuses TON Blockchain to Target Japan's Hotel … related

AlienVault Confidence 100 1 CVE 18 MITREs 1 Malware 140 IOCs 127 Observables
CL-STA-1062 Targets Southeast Asian Governments and Critical Infrastructure related

AlienVault Confidence 100 19 MITREs 3 Malwares 6 IOCs 1 APT
KimJongRAT Continues to Evolve by Leveraging LOTS related

AlienVault Confidence 100 20 MITREs 2 Malwares 11 IOCs 7 Observables 1 APT
StealC and Amadey: Breaking down infostealers and the … related

AlienVault Confidence 100 25 MITREs 6 Malwares 39 IOCs 24 Observables
StrikeShark: a new campaign involving a custom SharkLoader … related

AlienVault Confidence 100 13 CVEs 22 MITREs 6 Malwares 5 IOCs 4 Observables
Ukraine's UAV Supply Chain Targeted With Besomar-Themed Malware … related

AlienVault Confidence 100 20 MITREs 1 Malware 3 IOCs 1 APT
macOS.Gaslight | Rust Backdoor Turns Prompt Injection on … related

AlienVault Confidence 100 19 MITREs 3 Malwares 4 IOCs 1 APT

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1–12 of 50

Vulnerabilities (CVE) (52)

CVE-2026-1731 KEV targets

9.9 Critical

BeyondTrust Remote Support (RS) and Privileged Remote Access (PRA)contain an OS command injection vulnerability. Successful exploitation could allow an unauthenticated remote attacker …

Attack vector: Network
Published: 13/02/2026
Modified: 20/02/2026

Received

CVE-2021-26855 KEV targets

Microsoft Exchange Server contains an unspecified vulnerability that allows for remote code execution. This vulnerability is part of the ProxyLogon exploit chain.

Published: 03/11/2021
Modified: 20/12/2025

CVE-2022-0073 targets

8.8 High

Improper Input Validation vulnerability in LiteSpeed Technologies OpenLiteSpeed Web Server and LiteSpeed Web Server dashboards allows Command Injection. This affects 1.7.0 versions …

Attack vector: NETWORK
Published: 27/10/2022
Modified: 21/12/2025

CVE-2025-3935 KEV targets

8.1 High

ScreenConnect versions 25.2.3 and earlier versions may be susceptible to a ViewState code injection attack. ASP.NET Web Forms use ViewState to preserve …

Attack vector: Network
Published: 02/06/2025
Modified: 21/12/2025

Received

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49–52 of 52

T1573 subtechnique-of

Encrypted Channel MITRE

Tool (2)

QuasarRAT uses

The MITRE Corporation Confidence 100

[QuasarRAT](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0262) is an open-source, remote access tool that has been publicly available on GitHub since at least 2014. [QuasarRAT](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0262) is developed in the C# language.(Citation: GitHub QuasarRAT)(Citation: Volexity…
Sliver uses

The MITRE Corporation Confidence 100

[Sliver](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0633) is an open source, cross-platform, red team command and control (C2) framework written in Golang. [Sliver](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0633) includes its own package manager, "armory," for staging and downloading additional…

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