T1573.001: T1573.001

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216.73.217.64

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View on MITRE ATT&CK The MITRE Corporation · Published 16/03/2020 16:45 · Modified 27/03/2026 01:08

Essential information

MITRE technique ID: T1573.001
Confidence: 100/100
Revoked: No
Published: 16/03/2020 16:45
Modified: 27/03/2026 01:08
Author / Source: The MITRE Corporation

Aliases

Symmetric Cryptography

Platforms

windows macos linux Network Devices ESXi

Description

Adversaries may employ a known symmetric encryption algorithm to conceal command and control traffic rather than relying on any inherent protections provided by a communication protocol. Symmetric encryption algorithms use the same key for plaintext encryption and ciphertext decryption. Common symmetric encryption algorithms include AES, DES, 3DES, Blowfish, and RC4.

Kill chain phases

Kill chain	Phase
mitre-attack	command-and-control

Marking (TLP)

External references

mitre-attack (T1573.001)
University of Birmingham C2

Related entities

Intrusion sets, malware, reports, vulnerabilities, indicators and other entities linked to this technique.

Intrusion sets (APT) (57)

Core Werewolf related

AlienVault Confidence 100

First seen 01/01/1970 · Last seen 16/11/5138 ·
DPRK related

AlienVault Confidence 100

First seen 01/01/1970 · Last seen 16/11/5138 ·
DPRK (North Korea) related

AlienVault Confidence 100

First seen 01/01/1970 · Last seen 16/11/5138 ·
DPRK-aligned related

AlienVault Confidence 100

First seen 01/01/1970 · Last seen 16/11/5138 ·
Darkhotel related DUBNIUMZigzag Hail

The MITRE Corporation Confidence 100

[Darkhotel](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0012) is a suspected South Korean threat group that has targeted victims primarily in East Asia since at least 2004. The group's name is based on cyber espionage…

First seen 01/01/1970 · Last seen 16/11/5138 ·
Dragon RaaS related

AlienVault Confidence 100

First seen 01/01/1970 · Last seen 16/11/5138 ·
DragonBreath related

AlienVault Confidence 100

First seen 01/01/1970 · Last seen 16/11/5138 ·
EVALUSION related

AlienVault Confidence 100

First seen 01/01/1970 · Last seen 16/11/5138 ·
Earth Estries related

AlienVault Confidence 100

First seen 01/01/1970 · Last seen 16/11/5138 ·
Emennet Pasargad related

AlienVault Confidence 100

First seen 01/01/1970 · Last seen 16/11/5138 ·
FAMOUS CHOLLIMA related

AlienVault Confidence 100

First seen 01/01/1970 · Last seen 16/11/5138 ·
FakeBat related

AlienVault Confidence 100

First seen 01/01/1970 · Last seen 16/11/5138 ·

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37–48 of 57

SideTwist uses

Family The MITRE Corporation Confidence 100

[SideTwist](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0610) is a C-based backdoor that has been used by [OilRig](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0049) since at least 2021.(Citation: Check Point APT34 April 2021)

First seen 01/01/1970 · Last seen 16/11/5138 ·
CorKLOG uses

Family The MITRE Corporation Confidence 100

[CorKLOG](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S1235) is a keylogger known to be leveraged by [Mustang Panda](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0129) and was first observed utilized in 2024. [CorKLOG](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S1235) is delivered through a RAR archive (e.g., src.rar), which…

First seen 01/01/1970 · Last seen 16/11/5138 ·
COPPERHEDGE uses

AlienVault Confidence 100

First seen 01/01/1970 · Last seen 16/11/5138 ·
OtterCookie uses

AlienVault Confidence 100

First seen 01/01/1970 · Last seen 16/11/5138 ·
Winnti for Windows uses

Family The MITRE Corporation Confidence 100

[Winnti for Windows](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0141) is a modular remote access Trojan (RAT) that has been used likely by multiple groups to carry out intrusions in various regions since at least…

First seen 01/01/1970 · Last seen 16/11/5138 ·
3PARA RAT uses

Family The MITRE Corporation Confidence 100

[3PARA RAT](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0066) is a remote access tool (RAT) programmed in C++ that has been used by [Putter Panda](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0024). (Citation: CrowdStrike Putter Panda)

First seen 01/01/1970 · Last seen 16/11/5138 ·
CharmPower uses

Family The MITRE Corporation Confidence 100

[CharmPower](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0674) is a PowerShell-based, modular backdoor that has been used by [Magic Hound](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0059) since at least 2022.(Citation: Check Point APT35 CharmPower January 2022)

First seen 01/01/1970 · Last seen 16/11/5138 ·
POWERSTAR uses

AlienVault Confidence 100

First seen 01/01/1970 · Last seen 16/11/5138 ·
Dropping Elephant RAT uses

AlienVault Confidence 100

First seen 01/01/1970 · Last seen 16/11/5138 ·
WizardNet uses

AlienVault Confidence 100

First seen 01/01/1970 · Last seen 16/11/5138 ·
SMOKEDHAM uses

Family The MITRE Corporation Confidence 100

[SMOKEDHAM](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0649) is a Powershell-based .NET backdoor that was first reported in May 2021; it has been used by at least one ransomware-as-a-service affiliate.(Citation: FireEye Shining A Light on…

First seen 01/01/1970 · Last seen 16/11/5138 ·
Interlock RAT uses

AlienVault Confidence 100

First seen 01/01/1970 · Last seen 16/11/5138 ·

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13–24 of 79

Cavern Manticore: Exposing Iran-Linked Modular C2 Framework related

AlienVault Confidence 100 23 MITREs 21 IOCs 7 Observables 1 APT
Analysis of Ongoing Ousaban Attacks Targeting the Iberian … related

AlienVault Confidence 100 20 MITREs 3 Malwares 28 IOCs 8 Observables
RAT Abuses TON Blockchain to Target Japan's Hotel … related

AlienVault Confidence 100 1 CVE 18 MITREs 1 Malware 140 IOCs 127 Observables
CL-STA-1062 Targets Southeast Asian Governments and Critical Infrastructure related

AlienVault Confidence 100 19 MITREs 3 Malwares 6 IOCs 1 APT
KimJongRAT Continues to Evolve by Leveraging LOTS related

AlienVault Confidence 100 20 MITREs 2 Malwares 11 IOCs 7 Observables 1 APT
StealC and Amadey: Breaking down infostealers and the … related

AlienVault Confidence 100 25 MITREs 6 Malwares 39 IOCs 24 Observables
StrikeShark: a new campaign involving a custom SharkLoader … related

AlienVault Confidence 100 13 CVEs 22 MITREs 6 Malwares 5 IOCs 4 Observables
Ukraine's UAV Supply Chain Targeted With Besomar-Themed Malware … related

AlienVault Confidence 100 20 MITREs 1 Malware 3 IOCs 1 APT
macOS.Gaslight | Rust Backdoor Turns Prompt Injection on … related

AlienVault Confidence 100 19 MITREs 3 Malwares 4 IOCs 1 APT
From PostCSS Masquerading to Windows RAT related

AlienVault Confidence 100 20 MITREs 9 IOCs 3 Observables
Popa: From Sourcing to Distribution related

AlienVault Confidence 100 8 MITREs 5 Malwares 200 IOCs 200 Observables
WebAssembly Malware Found in Trojanized Open VSX Extensions related

AlienVault Confidence 100 17 MITREs 1 Malware 12 IOCs 12 Observables 1 APT

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1–12 of 50

Vulnerabilities (CVE) (52)

CVE-2026-1731 KEV targets

9.9 Critical

BeyondTrust Remote Support (RS) and Privileged Remote Access (PRA)contain an OS command injection vulnerability. Successful exploitation could allow an unauthenticated remote attacker …

Attack vector: Network
Published: 13/02/2026
Modified: 20/02/2026

Received

CVE-2021-26855 KEV targets

Microsoft Exchange Server contains an unspecified vulnerability that allows for remote code execution. This vulnerability is part of the ProxyLogon exploit chain.

Published: 03/11/2021
Modified: 20/12/2025

CVE-2022-0073 targets

8.8 High

Improper Input Validation vulnerability in LiteSpeed Technologies OpenLiteSpeed Web Server and LiteSpeed Web Server dashboards allows Command Injection. This affects 1.7.0 versions …

Attack vector: NETWORK
Published: 27/10/2022
Modified: 21/12/2025

CVE-2025-3935 KEV targets

8.1 High

ScreenConnect versions 25.2.3 and earlier versions may be susceptible to a ViewState code injection attack. ASP.NET Web Forms use ViewState to preserve …

Attack vector: Network
Published: 02/06/2025
Modified: 21/12/2025

Received

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49–52 of 52

T1573 subtechnique-of

Encrypted Channel MITRE

Tool (2)

QuasarRAT uses

The MITRE Corporation Confidence 100

[QuasarRAT](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0262) is an open-source, remote access tool that has been publicly available on GitHub since at least 2014. [QuasarRAT](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0262) is developed in the C# language.(Citation: GitHub QuasarRAT)(Citation: Volexity…
Sliver uses

The MITRE Corporation Confidence 100

[Sliver](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0633) is an open source, cross-platform, red team command and control (C2) framework written in Golang. [Sliver](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0633) includes its own package manager, "armory," for staging and downloading additional…

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