{
  "name": "Operation Nomad Leopard: Targeted Spear-Phishing Campaign Against Government Entities in Afghanistan",
  "slug": "operation-nomad-leopard-targeted-spear-phishing-campaign-against-government-entities-in-afghanistan",
  "description": "A threat group is targeting Afghan government employees using a fake lure mimicking an official government document. The campaign, named Operation Nomad Leopard, uses a malicious ISO file containing a PDF decoy, LNK file, and the FALSECUB malware. The infection chain involves executing the LNK file to display the PDF and run the malware, which establishes persistence and connects to a command and control server. The malware performs system reconnaissance, file enumeration, and data exfiltration. The threat actor, believed to be regionally focused with low-to-moderate sophistication, uses GitHub for malware distribution and has connections to Pakistan. The campaign demonstrates careful attention to detail in creating convincing lures and leverages legitimate platforms for malicious purposes.",
  "published": "2026-01-20T07:51:25+00:00",
  "created_at": "2026-01-20T07:51:25+00:00",
  "modified_at": "2026-01-20T08:09:27+00:00",
  "created_at_opencti": "2026-01-20T07:51:25+00:00",
  "author": "",
  "confidence": null,
  "report_types": [],
  "labels": [],
  "tags": [
    "2026-01-20",
    "afghanistan",
    "data exfiltration",
    "falsecub",
    "government",
    "iso",
    "lnk",
    "reconnaissance",
    "spear-phishing"
  ],
  "related_entities": {
    "observables": [
      {
        "id": "",
        "name": "207.244.230.94"
      },
      {
        "id": "",
        "name": "63f6c85fc16b346cc3f18da9380aee6ffbb3e735863e2e8f118f38737e0d1348"
      },
      {
        "id": "",
        "name": "f817f65edbc77f7bbdd6e4f469e82c0e770b7e221bdb348f366a475a8a39242b"
      },
      {
        "id": "",
        "name": "6c8936fea2fe9cbbcc6135941ac5fb6ea7819530a0914d8c0f39a015c0f2055d"
      },
      {
        "id": "",
        "name": "5838c834482fb54f8a642d92e4ece7bbde03e161c2d02c4e70edbe05c8190955"
      }
    ],
    "malware": [
      {
        "id": "d2bd8b3f-3fc4-4509-bf1a-f931d71c2b26",
        "name": "FALSECUB",
        "slug": "falsecub"
      }
    ],
    "intrusion_sets": [
      {
        "id": "f20f6641-fd26-4011-9e93-6d52fe479a30",
        "name": "Nomad Leopard",
        "slug": "nomad-leopard"
      }
    ],
    "attack_patterns": [
      {
        "id": "eaff4611-3c78-4127-8745-726f77ed68ba",
        "name": "T1070.004"
      },
      {
        "id": "a72ebeae-8e62-4039-8135-e9c611011fdc",
        "name": "T1573"
      },
      {
        "id": "c9ee9b30-ba84-4c24-95e9-e8242d42af3f",
        "name": "T1071.001"
      },
      {
        "id": "196f2a64-c55b-47a6-8e38-beb76ba700b6",
        "name": "T1204.002"
      },
      {
        "id": "dc410646-9cdd-427b-92e7-179a54f78f90",
        "name": "T1566.001"
      },
      {
        "id": "6b2e0999-c7e8-4662-94ac-19aa8520ee46",
        "name": "T1059.003"
      },
      {
        "id": "b3ad0214-589b-48ea-b042-93d73e1e0e4b",
        "name": "T1086"
      },
      {
        "id": "5999052b-e9ae-49e8-9235-d9bf975c22af",
        "name": "T1547.001"
      },
      {
        "id": "5b7c66d1-0466-4ba7-af6f-eb82c2f9d05b",
        "name": "T1033"
      },
      {
        "id": "05ac27d4-58d0-44b2-a984-cd5aefd1f7f9",
        "name": "T1497.001"
      },
      {
        "id": "45082a8e-9c79-470e-ad1b-decac7188e8f",
        "name": "T1083"
      },
      {
        "id": "a831f7c4-a7f0-4243-8211-1cd44fa34fa7",
        "name": "T1020"
      },
      {
        "id": "70616b2f-4019-4963-b758-5d9f6f20e201",
        "name": "T1082"
      },
      {
        "id": "fa3b8b48-d97c-4242-83a6-07d435a5a79e",
        "name": "T1041"
      }
    ],
    "others": [
      {
        "id": "",
        "name": "Afghanistan"
      },
      {
        "id": "",
        "name": "Government"
      },
      {
        "id": "",
        "name": "theepad0loc93x.ddns.net"
      }
    ]
  },
  "external_refs": [
    "https://www.seqrite.com/blog/operation-nomad-leopard-targeted-spear-phishing-campaign-against-government-entities-in-afghanistan/",
    "https://otx.alienvault.com/pulse/696f420d629a255b3d84814e"
  ]
}