In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: drm/xe: Add outer runtime_pm protection to xe_live_ktest@xe_dma_buf Any kunit doing any memory access should get their own runtime_pm outer references since they don't use the standard driver API entries. In special this dma_buf from the same driver. Found by pre-merge CI on adding WARN calls for unprotected inner callers: <6> [318.639739] # xe_dma_buf_kunit: running xe_test_dmabuf_import_same_driver <4> [318.639957] ------------[ cut here ]------------ <4> [318.639967] xe 0000:4d:00.0: Missing outer runtime PM protection <4> [318.640049] WARNING: CPU: 117 PID: 3832 at drivers/gpu/drm/xe/xe_pm.c:533 xe_pm_runtime_get_noresume+0x48/0x60 [xe]